GCP Study Hub

Databases

Cloud Spanner

Globally distributed, strongly consistent relational database

AWS equivalent

⚠️ No direct equivalent (closest: Aurora Global)

NewSQLGlobalUnique to GCP
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AWS → GCP: Key Differences

  • No real AWS equivalent. Aurora Global is multi-region but with eventual consistency for replicas.

  • Spanner is the only database offering global ACID transactions with SQL at horizontal scale.

  • This is one of GCP's genuine unique differentiators — great to mention in interviews.

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Key Concepts to Know

  • 1

    ACID transactions globally — traditional databases sacrifice either consistency or availability at global scale. Spanner doesn't.

  • 2

    Scales horizontally: add nodes to increase throughput. 2,000 QPS per node for reads.

  • 3

    True 5-nines (99.999%) availability SLA for multi-region configurations.

  • 4

    Use cases: global financial systems, inventory management, gaming leaderboards, any globally distributed app needing consistent data.

  • 5

    Cost: significantly higher than Cloud SQL — justify with scale and consistency requirements.

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DCE Interview Tips

  • Spanner is a great answer for: 'How would you design a database for a Thai bank that needs to be available across multiple regions and cannot afford inconsistent reads?'

  • Mention Spanner when a customer outgrows Cloud SQL or needs multi-region writes.

  • 'Spanner gives you the consistency of a single database with the scale of a NoSQL system.'

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Common Gotchas

  • !

    Minimum cost: ~$0.90/node/hour. For small workloads, Cloud SQL is much cheaper.

  • !

    Spanner Free Trial offers 90 days free — useful for PoCs.

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    Schema changes are online (no downtime) — a genuine operational advantage.